Friday, April 10, 2015

Middle East : War Against Yemen - Both Democrats and Republican hailed the Saudi attacks.

Is it all About Iran and Lausanne or all About Imperialism? (Blogger)
Dispatches From The Edge
Conn Hallinan
April 3, 2015

 While the ostensible rationale for Saudi Arabia’s recent intrusion into Yemen is that the conflict is part of a bitter proxy war with Iran, the coalition that Riyadh has assembled to intervene in Yemen’s civil war has more in common with 19th century Europe than the Middle East in the 21st. 

When the 22-member Arab League came together at Sharm el Sheikh on Mar. 28 and drew up its plan to attack Houthi forces currently holding Yemen’s capital, Sanaa, the meeting bore an uncanny resemblance to a similar gathering of monarchies at Vienna in 1814.   The leading voice at the Egyptian resort was Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal. His historical counterpart was Prince Klemens von Metternich, Austria’s foreign minister, who designed the “Concert of Europe” to insure that no revolution would ever again threaten the monarchs who dominated the continent. 

More than 200 years divides those gatherings, but their goals were much the same: to safeguard a small and powerful elite’s dominion over a vast area. 

There were not only kings represented at Sharm el Sheikh. Besides the foreign ministers for the monarchies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)—Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Morocco, and Jordan—most of the Arab League was there, with lots of encouragement and support from Washington and London. But Saudi Arabia was running the show, footing the bills, and flying most the bombing raids against Houthi fighters and refugee camps.
The Yemen crisis is being represented as a clash between Iran and the Arab countries, and part of ongoing tension between Sunni and Shiite Islam. The League accuses Iran of overthrowing the Yemeni government of Abdu Rabbu Mansour Hadi, using the Shiite Houthis as their proxies. But the civil war in Yemen is a long-running conflict over access to political power and resources, not religion, or any attempt by Iran to spread its influence into a strategic section of the Arabian Peninsula. And the outcome, as long-time Middle East journalist Patrick Cockburn points out, is likely the spread of sectarian warfare throughout the region.


The Houthis, like the Iranians, are Shiites, but of the Zaydi variety, not one that many Iranians would even recognize. And while the Houthis have been at war with the central government off and on since 1992, the issues are profane, not sacred. 

Yemen—about the size of France, with 25 million people—is the poorest nation in the Middle East, with declining resources, an exploding population, and a host of players competing for a piece of the shrinking pie. Unemployment is above 40 percent and water is scarce. Oil, the country’s major export, is due to run out in the next few years. 

The country is also one of the most fragmented in the region, divided between the poorer north and the richer, more populous, south, and riven by a myriad of tribes and clans. Until 1990 it was not even one country, and it took a fratricidal civil war in 1994 to keep it unified. There is still a strong southern secession movement.

The current war is a case in point. The Houthis fought six wars with former military strongman Abdullah Saleh, who was forced out of the presidency in 2011 by the GCC and the UN Security Council. Hadi, his vice-president, took over and largely ignored the Houthi—always a bad idea in Yemen. So aided by their former enemy, Saleh—who maintains a strong influence in the Yemeni armed forces—the Houthi went to war with Hadi. The new president was arrested by the Houthi, but escaped south to the port of Aden, then fled to Saudi Arabia when the Houthis and Saleh’s forces marched on the city. 

That’s the simple version of the complexity that is Yemen. But complex was not a word encountered much at Sham el Sheikh. For the Arab League, this is all about Iran. The Houthis, said Yemen President-in-exile Hadi, are “Iranian stooges.”

Most independent experts disagree. The Houthis, says Towson University professor Charles Schmitz, an expert on the group, “are domestic, homegrown, and have deep roots in Yemen going back thousands of years.” He says that the Houthis have received support by Iran, but “not weapons, which they take from the Yemeni military.” “Does that mean they are going to do Iran’s bidding? I don’t think so.”

Both Democrats and Republican hailed the Saudi attacks. “I applaud the Saudis for taking this action to protect their homeland and to protect their own neighborhood,” said House Speaker John Boehner (D-Oh). U.S. Rep Adam Schiff (D-Ca), the senior Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, agreed. The Obama administration says it is providing intelligence and logistical support for the operation. 

 U.S. involvement in Yemen is long-standing, dating back to 1979 and the Carter administration. According to UPI, the CIA funneled money to Jordan’s King Hussein to foment a north-south civil Yemen civil war, and U.S. Special Forces have been on the ground directing drone strikes for over a decade. 

This, of course, creates certain logical disconnects. The U.S. is supporting the Saudi bombing in Yemen because the Houthis are allied with Iran. But in Iraq, the U.S. is bombing the Islamic State (ISIS) in support of Iran’s efforts to aid the Iraqi government’s war on the ISIS. And while the Riyadh government is opposed to the Islamic State and al-Qaeda, aided by U.S. intelligence, it is attacking one of the major forces fighting al-Qaeda in Yemen, the Houthi. In the meantime, the Gulf Council has stepped up its support of the Nusra Front in Syria, a group tied to al-Qaeda and a sworn enemy of the Gulf monarchies and the U.S.

On one level this reaches the level of farce. On the other, the situation is anything but humorous. The Yemen intervention will deepen Shiite-Sunni divisions in the Islamic world and pull several countries into Yemen, the very definition of a quagmire. As Cockburn points out that while the Arab League’s code name for the Yemini adventure is “Operation Decisive Storm,” the military operation will almost certainly be the opposite. “In practice, a decisive outcome is the least likely prospect for Yemen, just like it has been in Iraq and Afghanistan. A political feature common to all three countries is that power is divided between so many players it is impossible to defeat or placate them all for very long.”

Even if the Houthis are driven back to their traditional base in the north, it would be foolhardy for any ground force to take them on in the mountains they call home. The Yemeni government tried six times and never succeeded. It is rather unlikely that Egyptian or Saudi troops will do any better. While the League did make a decision to form a 40,000 man army, how that will be constituted, or who will command it is not clear.

Besides stirring up more religious sectarianism, the Yemen war will aid the Saudis and the GCC in their efforts to derail the tentative nuclear agreement with Iran. If that agreement fails, a major chance for stability in the region will be lost. Saudi Arabia’s new found aggressiveness—and its bottomless purse—will gin up the civil war in Syria, increase tensions in northern Lebanon, and torpedo the possibility of organizing a serious united front against the ISIS. 

While the U.S. has talked about a political solution, that is not what is coming out of the Arab league. The military campaign, says Arab League General Secretary Nabil el-Araby “will continue until all the Houthi militia retreats and disarms and a strong unified Yemen returns.” The bombings have already killed hundreds of civilians and generated tens of thousands of refugees. Gulf Council sources say that the air war may continue for up to six months.

Instead of endorsing what is certain to be a disaster, Washington should join the call by European Union foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini for a ceasefire and negotiations. “I’m convinced that military actions is not a solution,” she said, calling on “all regional actors” to “act responsibly and constructively…for a return to negotiations.”

The Houthis are not interested in running Yemen. Senior Houthi leader Saleh Ali al-Sammad said that his organization “does not want anything more than partnership, not control.” Houthi ally and ex-president Saleh also said, “Let’s go to dialogue an ballot boxes,” not bombing. Yemen needs an influx of aid, not bombs, drones, and hellfire missiles.
The Congress of Europe muzzled European modernism for more than a generation, just as the Gulf Cooperation Council and Egypt will do their best to strangle what is left of the Arab Spring. Prince Metternich remained Austria’s Chancellor until a storm of nationalism and revolution swept across Europe in 1848 and brought down the congress of reaction. 

That day will come for the 21st century’s Metternichs as well.


Conn Hallinan can be read at dispatchesfromtheedgeblog.wordpress.com and middleempireseries.wordpress.com




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Yemen- Deeply Concerned about the Extension of Yet Another "Conflict Zone" We Document:

International reactions to the 2015 military intervention in Yemen

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Saudi Arabia began carrying out airstrikes in neighbouring Yemen on 25 March 2015, heralding the start of a military intervention in Yemen, codenamed Operation Decisive Storm[13] (Arabic: عملية عاصفة الحزم). The intervention began in response to requests for assistance from the internationally recognized but domestically contested Yemeni government of Yemeni President Hadi, due to a Houthi offensive aimed at its provisional capital of Aden. President Hadi fled Aden,[32] left the country and went to Saudi Arabia as Saudi Arabia and its allies launched airstrikes in Yemen against the Houthis and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who was deposed in the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings.[33]
Warplanes from Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Sudan, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, and Bahrain are also taking part in the operation. In addition, Egypt and Sudan have said they will commit ground troops in Saudi Arabia. Somalia has made its airspace, territorial waters, and military bases available for the coalition to use.[7] The United States has provided intelligence and logistical support, including search-and-rescue for downed coalition pilots,[8] and accelerated the sale of weapons to coalition states.[34] US PresidentObama has formed a Joint Planning Cell to liaise with Saudi Arabia and coordinate "logistical and intelligence support".[35] Pakistan was also called on by Saudi Arabia to join the coalition, but decided to maintain neutrality.[36]
Main article: 2015 military intervention in Yemen
International reactions to the 2015 military intervention in Yemen were mixed. Most other Arab League nations and several Westerngovernments backed the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition, but other governments warned against an escalation in the violent situation in Yemen.

Political responses and commentary[edit]

Supranational[edit]

  •  Arab League — Delegates to the Arab League voted to study the formation of a joint military force on 29 March, days after the intervention in Yemen began. Secretary-General Naril Elaraby affirmed that the intervention would "continue until Houthi militias withdraw and submit their weapons" and asserted that the international operation was necessary.[1]
  •  European Union — The European Union criticized the military intervention. It suggested that military intervention would not solve the crisis and expressed concern about the "serious regional repercussions" after the Saudi military intervention in Yemen, describing that this move is not a solution, urging regional powers to "act responsibly". European Union reiterates its support for all efforts by the United Nations.[2][3]
  •  United Nations — Deputy Spokesman Farhan Haq said the UN is "looking into more details", adding that the UN does not believe in military actions to resolve the Yemeni conflict.[5] Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, warned that Yemen appeared to be verging on "total collapse". He expressed concern about civilian casualties, including those apparently caused by a Saudiairstrike on a camp for displaced persons in northern Yemen.[6] Russia called an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Councilfor 4 April to discuss calling for "humanitarian pauses" in the airstrikes.[7]

National[edit]

  •  Algeria – Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs Ramtane Lamamra expressed "very great and deep concern" about the events in Yemen and said the "escalation of violence" would only make the situation worse.[9] Lamamra reportedly presented a ceasefire initiative at an Arab League summit in Egypt calling for the Houthis to withdraw from Sana'a and the Yemeni House of Representatives to resume meeting in exchange for an end to the bombing campaign and security guarantees for the Houthis and their allies.[10]
  •  Bangladesh — The Foreign ministry said in a statement that Bangladesh deplored acts of violence perpetrated by Houthis on the peopleof Yemen "resulting in humanitarian crisis." "Bangladesh supports all efforts led by Saudi Arabia in restoring the legitimate state authority and realisation of aspirations of the people of Yemen, as well as upholding the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Yemen,” it said. Bangladesh also urged for resumption of political process guided by the commitment made by the parties within the Gulf Cooperation Council Framework, the National Dialogue Conference outcomes and relevant UN Security Council resolutions.[11]
  •  Canada – On 27 March, Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister Rob Nicholson issued a statement on the situation in Yemen, saying “Canada supports the military action by Saudi Arabia and its Gulf Cooperation Council [GCC] partners and others to defend Saudi Arabia’s border and to protect Yemen’s recognized government at the request of the Yemeni president."[12]
  •  China — The Chinese government expressed deep concern over the situation in Yemen. It urged instead all parties to resolve the dispute through dialogue.[13]
  •  Djibouti - Djibouti supports foreign military intervention in Yemen and is prepared to help evacuate its nationals if the security situation there deteriorates, said Foreign Minister Mahamoud Ali Youssouf. Youssouf warned on 2 April that the Houthis had installed heavy weapons on islands in the Bab al-Mandeb strait, and he urged coalition forces to remove them, saying they endangered Djibouti and international shipping.[14]
  •  Eritrea — In a statement, the Eritrean Foreign Ministry said it viewed the Yemeni crisis "as an internal matter". Eritrea denied allegations that it provided support to the Houthis.[15]
  •  Ethiopia — Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn said his country stands with Sudan, a neighbour and member of the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen. He said the intervention was justified to protect the Yemeni government and defeat the Houthis.[16]
  •  France — According to the Saudi newspaper Arab News, the French Embassy in Riyadh released a statement reiterating its support of Hadi's government and concluding, "France stands by its partners in the region to restore stability and unity of Yemen."[17]
  •  Germany — Frank-Walter Steinmeier, the German foreign minister, said he "can understand" Saudi Arabia's decision to mount a military intervention and acknowledged the operation had "support from the region" and was at Yemeni President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi's request. However, he said the crisis could not be solved by violence and urged a negotiated solution.[18]
  •  Indonesia — Religious Affairs Minister Lukman Hakim Saifuddin expressed concerns over the military intervention and hoped that it will end soon and wouldn't worsen.[19]
  •  Iran — Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif called the military intervention a "dangerous development which will destabilize a region",[20] and the Foreign Ministry demanded an immediate halt on all "military aggressions" in Yemen,[21] Iran described and warned that Riyadh was taking a 'dangerous step'.[22] making clear that the Saudi deployment of a Sunni coalition against Shi'ite enemies would complicate efforts to end a conflict likely to inflame the sectarian animosities fuelling wars around the Middle East. A senior official said military intervention in Yemen is not an option for Tehran.[23] “We demand an immediate stop to the Saudi military operations in Yemen,” Mohammad Javad Zarif said in an interview with Iran's Arabic-language al-Alam news network on Thursday, according to Press TV.[24][25]According to Iran's official news agency, Iran's deputy foreign minister has asked Ban Ki-moon, United Nations Secretary General, to do everything possible to immediately halt Saudi-led air strikes in Yemen.[26]
  •  Lebanon – Lebanese Prime Minister Tammam Salam's reaction to the intervention was described by Beirut-based newspaper The Daily Star as "ambiguous". Salam said at an Arab League summit on 28 March that Lebanon backs "any Arab stance that preserves Yemen’s sovereignty and territorial integrity in addition to the cohesion of its social fabric". He also asked the Arab League not to involve Lebanon in any "regional struggles", an apparent reference to the conflict.[34]
    • Seyed Hassan Nasrallah, the Secretary General of the Lebanese Hezbollah, in a 27 March speech strongly censured Saudi Arabia for its "aggression" against Yemen. He claimed that Saudis decided to invade Yemen because they realized they were losing their influence and control over the country. He praised Iran for "respecting the will of the regions people" and "sympathizing with their causes." He further accused Saudi Arabia of betraying the struggle against Israel as the main Arab cause.[35] Nasrallah said Hezbollah would have joined the fight if it were against Israel, rather than Arabs.[36][37]
    • Saad Hariri, former Prime Minister of Lebanon, praised Saudi King Salman for what he described as his “wise and brave” decision for military operation against the Houthi rebels. He blamed Iran’s intervention in regional conflicts for the current turmoil in the region and supported Saudi Arabia for uniting the Arabs by the action it is carrying out in Yemen.[38]
  •  Oman — Despite being member of Gulf Cooperation Council, Oman has decided not to join the coalition, but providing humanitarian aid to Yemenis.[40][41]
  •  Palestine — The Palestinian National Authority announced their support of what they called the Arab coalition and said a similar coalition should be created against Hamas who it claimed had illegally taken over the Gaza Strip during a 2007 coup.[63]
    • Flag of Hamas.svg Hamas — On 30 March Hamas announced its support of the Saudi-led coalition.[64]
  •  Russia — President Vladimir Putin sent a letter to the Arab League calling for an "immediate cessation of military activities" in Yemen. The Kremlin also recommended increased efforts to find a peaceful solution to the crisis.[65]
  •  Somalia — President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud indicated that the Federal Government of Somalia supported the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen. In response to calls from President of Yemen Abd Rabbuh Mansur for a collective counter-insurgency effort on the part of the Arab League states, Mohamud also noted that the nation would continue to stand by the Yemeni government.[66] Foreign Minister of Somalia Abdisalam Omer likewise reiterated his administration's support for the legitimacy of Yemen's incumbent government.[67] He also officially confirmed that the Somali federal government had permitted the coalition to use Somalia's airspace, territorial waters and land.[68] It likewise offered to share its stabilization-related experience with the Saudi-led forces.[69] The approval came after Somalia had leased its airspace to the Gulf states, with Bosaso in the northeast and Berbera in the northwest scheduled to be used by the coalition forces due to their proximity to Yemen.[70]
    •  Somaliland — The separatist administration of the Somaliland autonomous region in northwestern Somalia objected to the Somali federal government's decision, arguing that it was an "independent" administration and that the waters fell under its jurisdiction.[71]
  •  Syria — The Syrian Foreign Ministry expressed "deep" concern over the situation in Yemen. While Syria stressed the need to respect the sovereignty of Yemen and its independence, it called on all Yemeni parties to embark on a dialogue to reach a political solution that meets the aspirations and will of the Yemeni people.[72]
    • Syria Syrian National Coalition — The Syrian opposition group called the intervention in Yemen "a sound and deterrent step", suggesting it opened the door to a broader intervention against Iranian influence elsewhere in the Arab world. In addition to supporting the Houthis, Iran is a major backer of the Syrian government.[73]
  •  Tunisia — Foreign Minister in a press statement said they're concerned about the serious developments in Yemen and urged for dialogues.[74]
  •  Turkey — President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said that Turkey supported the Saudi-led military operation in Yemen. He also criticised Iran's regional ambitions in both Yemen and Iraq.[75] However, in a joint meeting between Iran and Turkey, both nations agreed that a political situation is needed in Yemen, despite being on opposing sides of the conflict.[76]
  •  United Kingdom — The Foreign and Commonwealth Office announced support for the Saudi decision to intervene military in Yemen "following president Hadi's request for support". However the UK will not be providing military support, they also pledged to continue aid to Yemen.[77]
  •  United States — A National Security Council spokeswoman said the US would work jointly with Saudi Arabia to provide military and intelligence support while not participating in "direct military action".[78] President Obama declared that he had authorized US forces to provide logistical and intelligence support to the operation against Houthis as a "Joint Planning Cell' with Saudi Arabia.[79] US support has included UAV video feeds to aid Saudi airstrike targeting, refueling of Saudi fighter aircraft, and search-and-rescue support in the Gulf of Aden.[80]

Others[edit]

  • Red Cross — The International Committee of the Red Cross is worried by the recent escalation of violence in Yemen and expressed concern on March 26 at reports of civilian casualties following air strikes in the capital Sana'a and other parts of the country. Edric Schweizer, head of the ICRC delegation in Yemen, told "All parties involved in the current round of violence are bound by the rules governing the conduct of hostilities."[82]
  • International Crisis Group — The ICG concluded in a 27 March briefing that action by UNSC to observe prompt truce with the aim of restoring the suspended negotiations was needed. The ICG has also recommended priorities for negotiations, namely having Saudi Arabia persuade Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi to give up power and holding talks in neutral Oman.[83]

Evacuations and other actions[edit]

The Royal Saudi Navy evacuated diplomats and United Nations staff from Aden to Jeddah on 28 March.[84]
Pakistan dispatched two special PIA flights to evacuate some 500 stranded Pakistanis on 29 March 2015.[85] Several UN staff members and Arab diplomats were also evacuated following the airstrikes.[86]
The Indian government responded by deploying ships and planes to Yemen to evacuate stranded Indians. Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj told that since all the airports in Yemen were closed, the plan was to bring people to the neighbouring country of Djibouti by vessel and from there to India via aircraft.[87] India began evacuating hundreds of its citizens on 2 April, via a commercial liner docked in Aden port.[88] An air evacuation of Indian nationals from Sana'a to Djibouti was carried out on 3 April, after the Indian government obtained permission to land two Airbus A320sat the airport.[89] The Indian Armed Forces carried out rescue operation codenamed Operation Raahat and evacuated more than 4000 Indian citizens along with 409 foreign nationals belonged to 32 countries. The operation ended on 8 April 2015.[90][91][92][93]
A Chinese missile frigate docked in Aden on 29 March to evacuate Chinese nationals from Yemen.[94] The ship reportedly deployed soldiers ashore on 2 April to guard the evacuation of civilians from the city.[95] The Chinese frigate evacuated 225 foreign citizens from 10 different countries in what Reuters described as "the first time that China's military has helped other countries evacuate their people during an international crisis". China also evacuated 571 of its own nationals and eight foreigners who worked for Chinese companies in Yemen.[96]
The Ethiopian Foreign Ministry said it would airlift its citizens out of Yemen if they requested to be evacuated.[97] There were reportedly more than 50,000 Ethiopian nationals living and working in Yemen at the outbreak of hostilities.[16]
Malaysia also planned to evacuate its 879 citizens from Yemen, according to Foreign Minister Datuk Seri Anifah Aman, but it was unclear whether they would be moved out by air or land.[98]

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